[Photos] Navigating a world built on palm oil in southern Papua

Albertus Vembrianto

3 years ago

Indonesia exports palm oil around the world with India and China being the top importers. This demand for palm oil has an impact on indigenous communities across borders.
A decade ago, the Indonesian government promoted investment by plantation firms in this region aiming to turn it into an agribusiness hub. Today, Indonesia is the world’s top producer of palm oil, but many Papuans have lost their land and are struggling to acclimatise to a very new world, with their traditional food sources dwindling.
In June 2019, photographer Albertus Vembrianto spent three weeks on assignment in the southern lowlands of Papua, Indonesia’s easternmost province, for Mongabay and The Gecko Project. He traveled through the villages of Indigenous Papuans whose land had been taken over by palm oil conglomerates.
In this photo essay, Albertus, who is Indonesian, writes about his experience reporting in Papua. Albertus’s photos were featured in an investigation into the operations of one of the these companies, the Korindo Group, recently published by The Gecko Project and Mongabay in collaboration with the Korean Center for Investigative Journalism-Newstapa and 101 East, Al Jazeera’s Asia-Pacific current affairs program.

This article was co-published with The Gecko Project.

Paskalina called to me by waving her hand and asked me to come to her house in a whisper.

It was my third day staying at the family bivouac of an Auyu tribal chief in Boven Digoel, a heavily forested district in southern Papua. Indigenous Papuans like Paskalina usually stay in these temporary shelters when hunting in the forest and harvesting sago, their staple starch that grows wild in groves. In the past four years, however, the area around this bivouac had been converted into an oil palm plantation.

Paskalina, who was 38, didn’t want her story to offend the chief of the clan, one of the traditional elders, who had decided to sell the forest to a palm oil company. But for the past year, after the forest was cleared, she had often felt dizzy and taken vitamins. “The doctor said I am stressed,” she told me. “I have to take medicine.”

Paskalina never knew when, exactly, the forest had been sold. Women are not involved in such decisions. She only knows when it was demolished and replaced with a sea of oil palms.

To make a living, Paskalina sells products that she grows in her garden. To get to the market, she has to take the dirt road through an oil palm plantation, the hot sun blazing now the forest is gone. Sometimes her child takes her by motorcycle, but more often she walks. The trip takes her two hours each way.

The journey brings to mind her parents and ancestors. “I sometimes cry on the road, feeling guilty to my parents and ancestors for not being able to protect the forest,” she said.

Paskalina’s experience was similar to that of most Indigenous Papuan women I met during my three weeks in the oil palm lands of Boven Digoel and neighboring Merauke district. Without their forest, these women have suffered.

In another village, Angela, 29, was working as a laborer harvesting palm fruits with her husband. His wages were not enough to cover their household needs, so she worked on top of her domestic roles at home.

The Papuans here once held sway over the land, but now toil on it as laborers. Often they take on debt to buy food from the company, with the money deducted from their wages. That often leaves them without enough money to cover their basic necessities for the month.

The loss of the forest has made their traditional food sources disappear. The companies bring in food that comes from factories, through the city. They are slowly getting used to the instant pattern of manufactured food. Some people told me that food from the city is the best food. But they never know what the ingredients are. Some of the children whose family land was turned into plantations suffer from malnutrition.

These photos were chosen to tell the experience of Indigenous Papuan women who are now living according to new customs; customs that came with the oil palm companies. Their lives are more vulnerable, and they have little choice.

The plantation area of PT Tunas Sawa Erma, a subsidiary of the Korindo Group, in Boven Digoel. The plantation replaced the Papuans’ forest farms, rubber plantations and sago groves.

Indigenous people who live in areas where the forest has been cleared tell stories of falling birds. They believe that since the forest was demolished, the birds have difficulty finding trees in which to rest.

New forest clearing for oil palm planting in Boven Digoel.

People from the Auyu tribe who work in Korindo’s oil palm plantations live in a barracks built by the company.

Angela, 29, tends to her youngest child at their home in Boven Digoel. She began working as a laborer on an oil palm plantation because the income of her husband, who works for the same company, did not cover their basic needs.

Sago beetles are a local delicacy. The area of sago groves has been drastically reduced by the expansion of oil palm plantations.

Auyu women display the tools they use when going to the forest or to gather sago. Beside axes, they carry wood to make fires. The embers will be used to cook food while they are in the forest or harvesting sago. The forest is their kitchen, as well as their food source.

Rosary beads, used by Indigenous Papuans who are Catholic, are made from fruit plants that grow in the edge of the forest. This fruit is also used to make bags and other accessories. The Papuans lost access to these materials when the plants were cleared for plantations.

The 5-year-old child in the photo is malnourished. Many children whose family land has been turned into large food plantations are suffering from malnutrition.

Feathers from the cassowary, a large, flightless bird that resembles a colorful emu. Since the forest here was cleared four years ago, animals like the cassowary, which some Papuans hunt for their meat, have become more difficult to obtain.

Women and children fetch water for drinking and cooking in the sago groves. In the past, they obtained most of their water from rivers and only took it from sago groves during the dry season. Since the plantations were established, they avoid using water from rivers polluted, they say, with pesticides and fertilizers.

Samela, 10 years old, never went to school and worked in an oil palm plantation with his grandmother in Boven Digul, Papua, Indonesia.

This article was first published on Mongabay.com.